Thermal modeling of plasma spray deposition of nanostructured ceramics

A thermal model for plasma spray deposition of ceramic materials onto metallic substrates has been developed. The enthalpy-based control volume formulation of the heat transfer processes has been used to study the temperature evolution in a two-dimensional substrate and in the coating as it is grown. In this paper, additional melting of ceramic splats after deposition is examined, with a view to predicting the retention of nanostructures in a spray consisting of agglomerated, nanometer-sized particles. Initial results for thin coatings indicate that when the mean temperature of the incoming particles is close to the fusion point of the ceramic material, the nanostructure distribution in the coating is largely determined by the composition of the spray. However, with thicker coatings, additional melting due to prolonged plasma gas heating combined with increased thermal resistance in the underlying coating leads to a loss of nanostructure.     

熔铝炉设计和炉衬材料的改进

论述了铝熔炼炉炉型的改进,炉村和炉衬部件设计原则及新型耐火材料的应用,铝熔炼炉设计的发展方向。     

Corrosion properties of laser surface melted NiTi shape memory alloy

A Nd-YAG laser was used to melt the surface of NiTi shape memory alloy in air and argon environment respectively. The laser surface melted (LSM) layer is free of porosity and crack. The corrosion resistance of the LSM specimen in 3%NaCl solution has been improved significantly and is attributed to the increased amount of TiO₂ and Ti/Ni ratio on the surface.     

Residual stress state after the laser surface remelting process

Residual stresses are a result of elasto-plastic deformations induced in the workpiece material during the heat treatment process. The extent and magnitude of internal stresses depend on temperature conditions in heating and cooling and physical properties of the workpiece material. This contribution discusses the extent and distribution of residual stresses after laser remelting a thin surface layer on ductile iron 80-55-06 (ASTM specification) or Gr 500-7 according to ISO. Residual stresses are not only induced by temperature differences but also result from stresses due to microstructural changes between the surface and the core of the specimen subsequent to cooling to the ambient temperature. The distribution and extent of residual stresses in the remelted thin surface layer depend mostly on melt composition and cooling conditions. Different rates of solidification and subsequent cooling of the remelted layer are reflected in the volume proportions of the created cementite, residual austenite, and martensite in the microstructure. The rate of heating and cooling of the thin surface layer is a function of laser power, beam diameter on the workpiece surface, and interaction time. In addition, the number of passes of the laser beam over the workpiece surface and different degrees of laser trace overlapping were increased to see how these can affect the thermal conditions in the workpiece. To determine the residual stresses, the relaxation method was used. This is based on measuring the specimen strain during electrochemical material removal.     

L-乳酸和α-苯丙氨酸聚酯酰胺共聚物的合成表征及降解

以直接熔融缩聚法成功制备了L-乳酸和α-苯丙氨酸聚酯酰胺共聚物.采用红外光谱、核磁共振、凝胶色谱、差示扫描量热仪和X射线衍射等对共聚物结构和性能进行了分析测试,重点考察了投料比对产物组成、分子量及其热性能和结晶性能的影响,并对共聚物的降解性能进行了初步试验.随着α-苯丙氨酸含量增加,相应共聚物的分子量明显下降,结晶性下...     

高铁弹条钢夹杂物塑性化控制的热力学分析

提高高铁弹条钢的疲劳性能,除了要求弹条钢具有较高的纯净度外,还必须控制弹条钢中的非金属夹杂物。弹条钢中存在的脆性和不变形非金属夹杂物是弹条钢疲劳断裂的重要原因,所以必须控制弹条钢中的夹杂物为低熔点和具有良好的变形能力。借助Factsage热力学计算软件对1873K时钢液与夹杂物间的平衡进行了计算,确定了生成具有良好变形能力的低熔点CaO-SiO2-Al2O3系夹杂物所需要的钢液成分。结果表明：将夹杂物的成分控制在CaO-SiO2-Al2O3系的低熔点区域2中时,钢液中的溶解氧含量为（1～3）×10^-6,远远低于将夹杂物成分控制在低熔点区域1中时的溶解氧的含量,此时可以同时实现夹杂物塑性化和钢液纯净化的要求。     

Isothermal crystallization behavior and melting characteristics of injection sample of nucleated polypropylene

The isothermal crystallization behavior and melting characteristics of pure polypropylene (PP) and PPs nucleated with a phosphate nucleating agent (A) and a sorbitol derivative (D) have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Compared with pure PP, nucleated PPs show a shorter half‐times of crystallization. Dependence of crystallization rate of nucleated PP on the crystallization temperature is stronger than that of pure PP at the higher crystallization temperature, whereas the opposite results are obtained at the lower crystallization temperature. Addition of nucleating agent shifts the temperature at the deviation from the baseline of DSC melting curve, T, and the temperature at the completion of melting, T, to higher temperatures, indicating that nucleated PPs exhibit a higher perfection of PP crystals. A shoulder peak in the high temperature range of melting peak of nucleated PP and a wider low temperature region in the melting peak of pure PP are observed. Obviously, PP and nucleated PPs form different distribution of crystal perfection in the isothermal crystallization process. According to the half‐time of crystallization, nucleating agent A is more effective than D. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 2547–2553, 2000     

刚性烧结316L丝网液硫过滤器的应用

固体硫磺受存放、运输等因素影响,经常出现杂质、水质含量过高现象,给硫磺制酸的原料以预处理带来困难。针对原来过滤介质的不足而研制开发的刚性提结金属丝网多孔材料,具有强度高、刚性好、孔道均匀稳定、阻力小、反流再生性能好,用其制造的液硫过滤器采用多罐并联切换操作,可实现连续化、自动化生产,使用证实其性能稳定、操作简便,效果好。     

Evolution of inclusions in vacuum induction melting of superalloys containing 70％return material

The variation law of inclusions type and size in the vacuum induction melting process and ingot of Ni-based superalloy containing 70％return material was studied by industrial test sampling,and the mechanism of inclusions formation was analyzed with thermodynamic calculations.The results show that there are mainly two types of composite inclusions in the vacuum induction melting of Ni-based superalloys,which are nitride-and oxide-based composite inclusions,like Al2O3-SiO2-Cr2O3,TiN-(Mo,Nb)C,etc.The type and proportion of inclusions from the center to the edge of the vacuum induction ingot did not change significantly.The number density of inclusions from the center to the edge of the ingot varied less,and the size of inclusions became smaller from the center to the edge.In addition,thermodynamic calculations show that oxides(M2O3)are present in the liquid phase and mainly contain Al,Ti,Cr,Fe and O elements.The nitride consists mainly of Ti and N and contains small amounts of Cr,C,Nb,and Mo elements.This is consistent with the results of industrial tests.As the temperature decreases,the precipitation phases such as M2O3,MN,γ,MC,δ,γ'and μ phases are gradually precipitated,where oxides and nitrides are present in the liquid phase.The contents of O and N elements are the main influencing factors for the inclusions content and precipitation temperature;when the nitrogen content is reduced to below 0.0015％,it can make MN precipitate below the liquid-phase line.     

Influence of powder oxidation on powder properties and formability in H13 hot-work steels processed by electron beam melting

The oxygen content of metal powder is decisive for the recyclability of powder.The research on the effect of oxygen content on powder properties and material formability has practical significance for economical production with additive manufacturing while preventing the waste of resources.Here,we deliberately oxidized the powder by baking at high temperature to increase the oxygen content in the powder and gave the calculation method of the oxygen content in the powder oxidation film.The majority of oxygen element was found in the oxide particles in the powder and the oxide film on the powder surface,which did affect the flowability of the powder.It is worth noting that the increase in the oxygen content does not change the phase of H13 steel,but it can promote the molten pool flow and obtain a smoother surface.The increase in the oxygen content in the powder is not the decisive factor for the formability and defects of the printed samples.It is the combined effect of the powder deformation,the increase in the oxygen content,and the impurity pollution after repeated use,which leads to the limitation of repeated utilization of the powder.